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10.08.13 / Uncategorized / Author: admin
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Techniques & Maneuvers for Successful Revision Rhinoplasty Surgery,slimming fashion tips
by: Dr. Paul S. Nassif
Revision rhinoplasty surgery is the most challenging, and often, ungratifying procedure that facial and general plastic surgeons perform. I am sure you have all experienced the pit in your stomach when one of your primary rhinoplasty patients enters your office with postoperative nasal obstruction and ovbious iatrogenic external valve collapse. You are overwhelmed with feelings of disappointment and bewilderment, wondering how this happened when all you did was perform a conservative cephalic trim (leaving 7 mm) and place domal sutures. Why did this happen? Because you did not diagnose the flaccid, weak lateral crura. As a result, and manipulation of the cartilage without placement of lateral crural strut grafts might cause this easily preventable mishap.
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Perfecting surgery with this 3D structure can take years to improve the master. Rhinoplasty maneuvers performed today could cause disastrous results 3 years from now. In rhinoplasty surgery, you learn from your mistakes.
My fellowship director, J. Regan Thomas, MD, told me something that I will never forget-�You have not learned anything about rhinoplasty until you have performed at least a thousand procedures and followed them for many years.� This statement epitomizes why fellowships are so valuable. Some of the needed experience and potential pitfalls are circumvented by first-hand observation, which includes studying the analysis, judgment,slimming fashion tips, techniques, complication management, and most importantly, results from a seasoned rhinoplasty surgeon. The training catapults you years ahead of your colleagues that are not fortunate to have postgraduate training.
Many of us are taught that aggressive cartilage removal is a procedure of the past. Today’s concept: less is more. Less cartilage excision, cartilage repositioning, camouflage techniques, structural grafting, and suturing techniques are being taught in most rhinoplasty courses and at our national meetings.
In primary rhinoplasty surgery, the keys to preventing complications are prediagnosis of potential anatomical and functional abnormalities. For example, a patient desires a dorsal hump reduction and you identity short nasal bones and a narrow middle vault. Your thorough evaluation will warn you that this patient is at risk for upper lateral cartilage subluxation from the nasal bones (inverted V deformity) and internal valve collapse. In revision nasal surgery, the previous surgeon missed these telltale potential anatomical abnormalities, and now you are in charge of repairing the complication. Always perform a detailed anatomical and functional evaluation of the nose followed by a diagnosis of the postoperative nasal deformities and/or nasal obstruction. The incidence of postoperative nasal obstruction is approximately 10%. After the potential complications are identified, create a surgical plan while studying the preoperative photographs and prepare to use everything in your surgical armamentarium since nothing goes as planned.
Consultations
Below is my algorithm for a revision rhinoplasty consultation, which makes up approximately 60% of my practice. When the appointment is made, ask patients to bring copies of their medical records and operative reports from their rhinoplasty surgery or surgeries, in addition to photographs of their native nose. Initially, review the notes and photos while the prospective patient discusses surgery with your patient care coordinator. This will give you a head start on identifying the problem, assuming that a problem exists. Next, perform a detailed history while listening carefully to the patient’s wishes. Does the patient have realistic expectations? This is by far the most important detail that surgeons need to attain from the history. What is the patient unhappy with-a pinched tip or Polly break deformity? Additionally, listen to the patient and see if negative comments about the prior surgeon are made or if potential law suits are mentioned. If this is the scenario, you may want to think twice about operating on this patient. If the patient is not happy with the results with you, there is a good chance that the patient will be saying unkind words about you in the subsequent surgeon’s office. Does the patient fit the SIMON profile (Single, Immature, Male, Obsessive, and Narcissistic)? If so, be cautious because these patients are difficult to please and are litiginous. During the initial 5 minutes while acquiring the patient’s history, surgeons should know if the patient is a good candidate for revision surgery. Poor patient selection can lead to an unhappy patient and physician.
Another important detail is to ascertain if the patient has nasal obstruction. Determine if the nasal obstruction was present preoperatively. If the obstruction is a result of the surgery, a number of questions need to be answered. Did the patient have reductive rhinoplasty surgery? Have the patient point out where the obstruction is. Is it static or dynamic? Does it present with normal or deep inspiration? What alleviates and worsens the nasal obstruction? What are the characteristics of the nasal obstruction? Was septal surgery performed?
Examination
For the physical examination, I use a detailed nasal analysis worksheet. Preform a detailed visual and tactile evaluation of the nose,and use an ungloved finger to palpate the nose. Examine the bony and cartilaginous skeleton, tip, and skin-soft tissue envelope characteristics in frontal, lateral, and base views. For the bony dorsum, examine the osteotomies, presence of open roof deformity or rocker deformity, and hump under-or over-resection. If inadequate hump reduction is in question, first examine for a deep radix, under projected, ptotic nasal tip, and for microgenia. Look for middle vault abnormalities, such as a narrow middle vault, inverted V deformity, or under-resection of the caudal cartilaginous dorsum (Polly beak deformity). For the tip, examine tip projection, rotation, support, alar and columellar retraction, over-aggressive Weir incisions, and lower lateral crural characteristics, such as over-resection, cephalically oriented, or bossae formation. Over-resection of the lower lateral cartilage complex in patients with a heavy sebaceous skin-soft tissue envelope can cause tip ptosis and nasal obstruction. A deviated cartilaginous dorsum and tip can signify a deviated septum. This is only a partial list anatomical problems that one needs to identify in nasal analysis.
For patients with nasal obstruction, observe the patient performing normal and deep inspiration on frontal and basal views. Often, the diagnosis is easily identifiable as supra-alar,slimming fashion tips, alar, and/or rim collapse or slit-like nostrils during static or dynamic states. External valve collapse (lower lateral cartilage pathology) can be evaluated with the soft end of the cotton swab while plugging the contra lateral nostril. The cotton swab elevates the area of obstruction whether it is the alar trim, lower lateral crura, or supra-alar region. See if the nasal obstruction is alleviated by elevating the nasal tip in patients with ptosis of the nasal thin. Perform the Cottle maneuver (pulling laterally on the cheek) to check for internal valve collapse. Although this test is generally nonspecific, internal nasal valve pathology caused by supra-alar pinching or a narrowed angle between the upper lateral cartilage and septum can be diagnosed.
On basal view, examine the medial crura to identify if they are impinging into the nasal airway. Following a thorough external nasal evaluation, the endonasal examination ensues. At minimum, perform anterior rhinoscopy with and without topical decongestion. In certain cases, nasal endoscopy and rhinomanometry may be useful. Evaluate the nasal septum for perforations, persistent deviation,slimming fashion tips, and for any remaining cartilaginous remnants to be used for grafting. Other causes of nasal obstruction to identify are: hypertrophic inferior turbinates, synechiae between the lateral nasal wall and septum, nasal masses, and middle turbinate abnormalities (concha bullosa).
As you are examining the patient, create a mental problem list with solutions followed by documentation on your nasal analysis sheet, such as: 1) external valve collapse secondary to over-resected lower lateral crura with a plan of open rhinoplasty with lateral crural strut grafts using conchal cartilage, 2) internal nasal valve collapse secondary to a narrowed middle vault and supra-alar pinching with moderate inspiration with a plan of bilateral spreader grafts and supralar batten grafts using conchal cartilage, and 3) bilateral alar retraction with a plan of bilateral conchal composite grafts. If structural grafting is necessary, decide what material may be used. A thorough knowledge of the types of autologous septzl, conchal, costal cartilage,slimming fashion tips, and calvarium and alloplastic grafting is needed as well as harvesting techniques. This is only an initial plan as you are creating your algorithm. It will change as you get closer to surgery.
Avoiding Risks
Photo imaging can be extremely useful if patients are notified that the final image is not a guarantee of results. However, despite proper notification and consent, there have been reports of lawsuits filed by patients for outcomes that are different from what was generated by the photo imager. Photo imaging can give clues to the patient’s expectations. Unrealistic expectations of the patient can be identified when a surgeon general’s a conservative image and the patient desires a radical change. Therefore, photo imaging can be a powerful tool in evaluating patients for surgery.
I cannot count the number of times that I have rejected patients after using the computer to discover their unrealistic expectations. An additional use for the computer image is to use it as a foal in surgery. Bring the preoperative and computer imaging photos to the operating room.
In general, rhinoplasty revision rates are high. Do not feel pressured to embark on surgery that is beyond your capabilities. First, do not harm. Know your limitations. Do not hesitate to refer your patients to colleagues who specialize in rhinoplasty for a second opinion or to perform the actual surgery. The patient will thank you for being honest. If you decide to undertake revision nasal surgery, a clear and thorough knowledge of nasal anatomy and function is paramount. Having an extensive preoperative discussion, including expectations, outcomes and a detailed list of potential complications with the patient, can prevent physician-patient miscommunication. Prior to surgery, review the examination, previous operative summary, photos, nasal analysis sheet, problem list and plan and then proceed with the surgical treatment.�
About The AuthorA skilled facial plastic and reconstructive surgeon with a distinguished background, Dr. Paul S. Nassif has received international recognition by the media, patients and peers for his innovative surgical techniques. Known as a revision and ethnic rhinoplasty specialist, Dr. Nassif is sought after by patients from around the world for help in correcting some of the most challenging complications cases. His work specializes in obtaining natural results in both rhinoplasty and aging face surgery at Spalding Drive Cosmetic Surgery & Dermatology in Beverly Hills, California.
For rhinoplasty, Dr. Nassif uses his skill as an artist and a surgeon to shape the nose to fit the face, rather than make it appear artificial. Patients marvel at how Dr. Nassif is able to create a nose that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing. In addition to his work with revision work, Dr. Nassif also specializes in rhinoplasty for ethnic noses, ensuring tailored results that look proportional to an individual�s ethnic and racial features.
As a specialist in aging face endoscopic surgery, Dr. Nassif skillfully conceals incisions by performing minimally invasive procedures that reduce the evidence of scars. A procedure that he developed, �The Anti-Gravity Facelift,� leaves no visible scars and has been noted for achieving natural-looking results in the shortest recovery time. To accelerate the healing process, Dr. Nassif uses platelet gel derived from a patient�s own blood cells.
Affiliated with top hospitals and medical schools in Southern California, Dr. Nassif has authored numerous peer-review articles on facial plastic and reconstructive surgery and has been called upon to give medical conference presentations and lectures about the latest surgical techniques. He teaches residents and colleagues at the University of Southern California and the University of California, Los Angeles – schools of medicine.
To promote a better understanding of the benefits and comfort of cosmetic surgery, Dr. Nassif has been featured on E! Entertainment�s Dr. 90210. In addition, he has been interviewed on NBC Nightly News, BBC, Inside Edition, CBS Healthbeat, Entertainment Tonight, NBC�s Today Show and EXTRA. Tom Brokaw, Peter Jennings and other members of the media have asked Dr. Nassif to demonstrate and talk about advancements in facial rejuvenation, rhinoplasty, computer morphing and Botox, the latest anti-wrinkle drug.
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